一，名词短语

名词短语由名词和修饰语组成，示例：

The disabled woman was left out of the trip.

The deceased person was humble and faithful.

The young vet had come across several cases of pneumonia.

Sunday became a quiet, sorrow evening.

The ailing mother was generous and honest.

二，动词词组

动词短语由动词和修饰动词的词组成。

例子：

She was waiting for the bus to arrive.

She was interested in watching the film.

You have not uttered a word since morning.

You might enjoy a cup of tea.

He was excited to be part of the party.

He was anxious to meet her favorite actor

She was distressed when she failed the test.

He was pleased to have his application approved.

He was eager to say goodbye to his classmates.

You might find it necessary to carry an umbrella.

You could have won the race if you had prepared in advance.

He was prepared to quit the job if her nemesis was to become the CEO.

三，动名词短语

动名词短语是以充当名词的动词开头的名词短语。例子:

Walking in a thorny bush can be stressful.

Marking assignments can be challenging.

Getting married is exciting.

Taking my daughter out is fun.

Wandering across the street is awkward.

Getting a good grade was the result of hard work.

Doing an assignment for her friends was the only way to earn a living.

Attending extra classes wasn’t enough to better her grades.

Washing clothes is tedious.

Starring at the visitors all day did not earn her a living.

四，不定式短语

它是一个以不定式动词开头的名词短语。示例：

I moved to the city to work on a government project.

He planned protests to send a message to the authorities.

I tried to convince him, but he couldn’t listen.

The institution decided to reduce the workers’ pay.

To prepare a meal, you need to have all the ingredients in place.

She needs counseling to change her behavior.

He needs to work out on his weaknesses.

I tried to stop the boys from fighting, but my effort ended in vain.

.He could have made it, but he was not aggressive enough.

He has to improve if he has to be promoted to the next class.

She has to prepare supper on time if she wants to stand a chance to do the assignment.

五，同位短语

同位短语是用来定义和重申名词的短语。它由单个或多个单词组成。例子:

Eliud, the most famous marathoner, can run 42 kilometers in less than two hours.

My thought, submitting all the assignments in a PDF format, was welcomed by the lecturer.

Chelsea, my favorite football club, is doing well in the competition.

A lion, the king of the jungle, is feared by all animals.

My house girl, the helper of the family, is also part of my family.

Her pet, Golden Retriever, was her everything.

My boyfriend, the love of my life, is also a workmate.

Christiano Ronaldo, the most famous footballer of all time, is the most adored.

六，分词短语

这类短语以现在分词或过去分词开头。例子:

Being aware of the situation, I wish I had never told her the truth.

We are eager to start a new chapter, having completed the previous one yesterday.

I’m more than happy, knowing the number of guests that have confirmed to attend the ceremony.

Painted light-blue, the old car seemed new.

Stolen with my computer, my watch is nowhere to be found.

七，介词短语

介词短语可以充当副词，形容词或名词，并以介词开头。示例：

He beat the odds to win the top award.

The screwdriver was on the chair.

I didn’t sleep for a while.

He was surrounded by dogs.

We stayed indoors due to bad weather.

She wrote an interesting article.

She knew it was as a result of neglecting duties.

We didn’t talk for a while.

We parted ways a long time ago.

He doesn’t see eye to eye with her younger sister.

八，绝对短语

绝对短语由修饰语，名词和分词组成。例子：

The harvest declined with excessive sunlight.

1、名词短语，其句子功能相当于名词。

2、动词短语，其句子功能相当于动词。

3、形容词短语，其句子功能相当于形容词。

4、副词短语，其句子功能相当于副词。

5、介词短语，其句子功能很多，常作状语。

6、不定时短语，其句子功能相当于不定式